在一次由各国政府、海事工人和雇主组织参加的会议上，通过了改善海员（包括被遗弃海员在内）条件的新措施。

国际劳工组织(ILO)-国际海事组织(IMO)三方联合工作组第一次会议通过了关于如何处理遗弃海员问题的准则。

《准则》旨在解决向国际劳工组织报告的船员遗弃案件大幅增加的问题，这些案件从2011年至2016年期间的每年不到20起，上升到2019年的40起，2020年的85起，2021年的95起，截至2022年12月中旬的114起。

《准则》旨在改善各国之间的协调，包括船旗国、港口国、海员为本国或居民的国家，以及开展招募和安置服务的国家，以便更快地解决遗弃案件，包括向海员支付报酬并将其遣返回国。

新准则借鉴了国际劳工组织的相关国际劳工标准，特别是经修订的《2006年海事劳工公约》(MLC, 2006)，包括其最新修正案；早前于2001年通过的国际劳工组织-海事组织联合决议(第A.930(22)号决议)；海事组织相关的国际框架和协议；以及区域和国家法律和实践方面的相关趋势和发展。

根据《2006年海事劳工公约》，船旗国（船舶注册和/或船舶悬挂其旗帜的国家）必须确保为悬挂这些旗帜的船舶建立金融安全体系。

新准则鼓励船旗国至少每年核实这种金融担保的有效性。

鼓励港口国在检查访问其港口的外国船舶时特别注意这一财务安全问题。

还要求提供招募和安置服务的国家定期核查这些服务是否包括确保其招募和安置的海员受到保护的制度。

新的《准则》规定了各国在船东未能履行其义务安排和支付海员遣返费用、未付工资和其他合同权利以及提供包括医疗在内的基本需求时应采取的程序。

在这种情况下，海员被认为是被遗弃的。

这些程序包括与海员和船东组织合作制定国家标准作业程序（SOPs），以明确规定主管当局的责任和义务以及各国利益攸关方应发挥的作用。

这些利益攸关方包括相关的国家海员福利委员会、航运机构、海员和船东组织、海员福利组织、海员招聘和安置服务机构等。

国际劳工组织-国际海事组织会议还讨论了国际劳工组织-国际海事组织关于被遗弃海员的联合数据库的重要性，以及更新和改进该数据库的必要性。

三方工作组的第一次会议汇集了来自各国政府、船东和海员代表组织的250多名代表和观察员，以确定和解决海员问题。

会议于2022年12月13日至15日在日内瓦以混合形式举行。

会议结果将于2023年向国际劳工组织理事机构和国际海事组织法律委员会报告。

英文原文

New measures to improve conditions for seafarers, including those who have been abandoned, have been adopted at a meeting involving governments and maritime workers and employers’ organizations.

Guidelines on how to deal with seafarer abandonment were adopted by the first meeting of a joint International Labour Organization (ILO)–International Maritime Organization (IMO) Tripartite Working Group.

The Guidelines seek to address the significant rise in cases of abandonment of crews reported to the ILO, which have risen from less than 20 cases per year between 2011 to 2016, to 40 in 2019, 85 in 2020, 95 in 2021 and 114 cases as of mid-December 2022.  The Guidelines aim to improve coordination among countries, including flag States, port States, States in which seafarers are national or resident, and States in which recruitment and placement services operate, in order to resolve abandonment cases more quickly, including getting seafarers paid and repatriated home to their families.

The new Guidelines draw on relevant ILO international labour standards, notably the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended (MLC, 2006), including its most recent amendments;  an earlier joint ILO-IMO resolution adopted in 2001 (Resolution A.930(22));  relevant IMO international frameworks and agreements;  and relevant trends and developments in regional and national law and practice.

Under the MLC, 2006, flag States – countries where ships are registered and/or whose flag the ships are flying – must ensure a financial security system is in place for ships under those flags.  The new Guidelines encourage flag States to verify, at least annually, the validity of this financial security.  Port States are encouraged to pay particular attention to this financial security during their inspections of foreign ships that visit their ports.  States where recruitment and placement services operate are also called upon to regularly verify that those services include a system to ensure the protection of the seafarers they recruit and place.

The new Guidelines set out procedures to be taken by States if a shipowner fails to fulfil their obligations to arrange and cover the cost of repatriation of seafarers, outstanding wages and other contracted entitlements, and the provision of essential needs, including medical care.  In these circumstances seafarers are then considered abandoned.  These procedures include developing, in cooperation with seafarers’ and shipowners’ organizations, national Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to explicitly define the liabilities and obligations of the competent authority and the roles to be played by the various national stakeholders.  These stakeholders include the relevant national seafarers’ welfare boards, shipping agencies, seafarers’ and shipowners’ organizations, seafarer welfare organizations, seafarer recruitment and placement services, and others.

The ILO–IMO meeting also discussed the importance of the joint ILO-IMO database relating to abandoned seafarers, and the need to update and improve it.

The Tripartite Working Group’s first meeting brought together more than 250 representatives and observers from Governments and Shipowners’ and Seafarers’ representative organizations, to identify and address seafarer issues.  The meeting was held in hybrid format in Geneva from 13–15 December 2022.  The outcomes of the meeting will be reported to the ILO Governing Body and IMO Legal Committee in 2023.

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