乌克兰总检察长已对一名俄罗斯油轮船长提起法律诉讼，指控其导致2024年12月乌海域发生大规模漏油事故。

约1500吨燃料油泄漏至黑海，造成价值超4.8亿美元（200亿格里夫纳）的生态损失。

案件涉及两艘航行于刻赤海峡（连接亚速海与黑海的关键水道）的俄罗斯油轮"伏尔加石油212号"和"伏尔加石油239号"。

其中"伏尔加石油212号"在风暴中沉没，"伏尔加石油239号"则搁浅后解体。

涉事船长据称指挥其中一艘船只，但其具体身份及所属船舶尚未官方披露。

乌方指控这名被描述为"侵略国公民"的俄籍船长在亚速海、黑海及刻赤海峡航行时，未充分考虑严冬天气条件，致使油轮机械故障引发漏油，污染乌克兰内水及领海。

调查显示，两船共载有4000至4300吨M-100燃料油，从伏尔加格勒运往卡夫卡兹港。

乌方称这批燃油拟转运至公海影子船队，暗示此举系俄罗斯规避国际制裁的手段。

建于1969年的"伏尔加石油212号"全船沉没致1名船员遇难；

1973年建造的"伏尔加石油239号"虽未沉没，但最终在刻赤大桥附近搁浅断裂。

两船事发前数日均关闭了船舶自动识别系统（AIS）。

漏油事件后，原油沿黑海沿岸多处漂抵乌克兰海岸，迫使当局在严冬中展开大规模清理。

环保专家警告，风暴天气将加剧清理难度并可能扩大长期生态损害。

本案由梅利托波尔地区警局在扎波罗热州战略调查局配合下侦办，总检察长办公室统筹监督。

嫌疑人通知已正式送达，但据信系缺席指控。

俄方亦采取行动。

据俄通社报道，漏油影响克拉斯诺达尔边疆区及俄占克里米亚地区，多地宣布进入紧急状态。

俄罗斯联邦自然资源监督局正向船东索赔849亿卢布（约10亿美元），其中60%索赔针对"伏尔加石油212号"船东卡马航运公司，余下索赔对象为"伏尔加石油239号"所属的伏尔加运输石油股份公司。

乌克兰指控俄方试图掩盖漏油真实规模，并坚称涉事油轮无权进入乌水域。

乌官员强调，此次事故不仅违反环保法规，更对海洋生物及海岸生态系统造成长期破坏。

另据披露，2024年夏季，乌克兰在多瑙河雷尼港附近扣押了喀麦隆籍货轮"乌斯科·姆富号"，指控其非法进入被占克里米亚并运输***的乌克兰粮食。

法院裁定没收该船，至2024年秋乌检方已对船员进入塞瓦斯托波尔港提起刑事诉讼。

2025年4月，乌克兰又宣布扣押另一艘涉嫌运输克里米亚掠夺粮食的货轮。

▲Screengrab from YouTube video posted by One Ocean Mariner

英文原文

Ukraine’s Prosecutor General has launched legal action against a Russian tanker captain, accusing him of causing a massive oil spill in Ukrainian waters in December 2024.

The spill, which leaked around 1,500 tonnes of fuel oil into the Black Sea, led to environmental damage worth more than $480 million (UAH 20 billion).

The case is linked to an incident involving two Russian tankers, Volgoneft 212 and Volgoneft 239, which were sailing through the Kerch Strait, a key waterway connecting the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea.

The Volgoneft 212 sank during the storm, while Volgoneft 239 ran aground and later broke apart. The captain under investigation is said to have been in command of one of these vessels, but his identity and the specific ship he was aboard have not been officially revealed.

According to Ukrainian authorities, the Russian captain, described as a citizen of the “aggressor state”, failed to consider severe winter weather while navigating through the Azov and Black Seas and the Kerch Strait. As a result, one of the tankers suffered mechanical damage, leading to the oil spill into Ukraine’s internal and territorial waters.

Investigators say the tankers were carrying a total of about 4,000 to 4,300 tonnes of M-100 fuel oil from Volgograd to the port of Kavkaz. Ukraine claims the fuel was intended for transfer to a shadow fleet tanker operating in open waters, suggesting the operation was part of Russia’s ongoing attempts to bypass international sanctions.

The Volgoneft 212, which was built in 1969, sank completely, resulting in the death of one seafarer. The Volgoneft 239, a 1973-built vessel, remained afloat but eventually ran aground near the Kerch Bridge, breaking up in the process. Both vessels turned off their AIS (Automatic Identification System) for several days before the incident.

Following the spill, oil drifted ashore at multiple locations along Ukraine’s Black Sea coast, forcing Ukrainian authorities to launch a major cleanup operation in difficult winter conditions. Environmental experts warned that stormy weather would make the cleanup process more complex and could increase long-term ecological damage.

The Ukrainian investigation is being conducted by the Melitopol District Police Department with assistance from the Strategic Investigations Department in Zaporiz***hia Oblast, under the direction of the Prosecutor General’s Office. A notice of suspicion was formally served to the captain, though it is believed he was charged in absentia.

On the other side, Russian authorities have also taken action. According to the Russian news agency TASS, the spill affected areas along Krasnodar Krai and Russian-occupied Crimea, prompting several local governments to declare states of emergency.

The Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources in Russia is now demanding RUB 84.9 billion (about $1 billion) in compensation from the owners of the tankers.

Of the total Russian claim, about 60% is directed at Kama Shipping, the owner of the Volgoneft 212, while the rest is being sought from Volgatransneft CJSC, which owns the Volgoneft 239.

Ukraine, meanwhile, accused Russia of attempting to cover up the true scale of the spill and continues to insist that the tankers had no right to be in Ukrainian waters. Ukrainian officials maintain that the spill not only violated environmental laws but also contributed to long-term damage to marine life and coastal ecosystems.

In a separate incident in the summer of 2024, Ukraine seized the Cameroon-registered cargo ship Usko Mfu near the port of Reni on the Danube, accusing it of entering occupied Crimea and transporting grain stolen from Ukraine.

Courts ordered the ship to be seized, and by fall 2024, Ukrainian prosecutors had begun legal proceedings against the ship’s officers for entering the port of Sevastopol. More recently, in April 2025, Ukraine reported the seizure of another cargo ship, which it also accused of transporting looted grain from Crimea.

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