波兰研究人员的一项新研究表明，波罗的海的GPS干扰可能来自移动的船只，而不是陆基来源。

调查结果显示，强大的干扰设备可能安装在船上，早些时候有报道称，俄罗斯所谓的“影子舰队”的船只上安装了大功率无线电设备。

这项研究是由GPSPATRON和格丁尼亚海事大学共同进行的，他们使用安装在格丁尼亚大学导航学院大楼的专用传感器监测地面上的GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）干扰。

该传感器位于距离加里宁格勒120公里的地方，可以探测到离岸20海里以内的干扰，但无法探测到波罗的海中部的干扰，因为那里是大多数海上交通流动的地方。

从2024年6月到11月的六个月里，研究人员记录了84小时的GNSS干扰，其中10月的干扰时间最长，总共29小时。

一些干扰事件持续了长达7个小时，导致导航误差高达35米（100英尺），这可能会在狭窄的水道中构成严重风险。

最初，干扰影响了多个卫星系统，包括GPS、GLONASS、北斗和伽利略。然而，从10月开始，干扰模式发生了变化。

研究人员指出，干扰模式在移动，这加强了船只——而不是固定的陆基监测站——负责的理论。

由于干扰是在地面检测到的，但与ADS-B跟踪系统的机载GPS干扰报告不符，专家们呼吁建立专门的地面监测网络。

他们说，这样的系统可以帮助当局确定干扰源的确切位置，识别涉及的船只，并采取执法行动。

该研究还警告说，如果不立即干预，持续的GNSS干扰可能会严重影响波罗的海地区的海上航行、港口运营和整体安全。

研究人员呼吁迫切需要实时监控系统来应对这些威胁，并防止GPS故障造成的潜在海上事故。

▲Image for representation purposes only

英文原文

A new study by Polish researchers has revealed that GPS disruptions in the Baltic Sea likely originate from moving vessels rather than land-based sources.



The findings reveal that powerful jamming devices may be mounted on ships, with earlier reports of high-power radio equipment aboard vessels in Russia’s so-called “shadow-fleet.”



The study, conducted by GPSPATRON and Gdynia Maritime University, monitored GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) interference at ground level using a specialised sensor installed at the university’s Faculty of Navigation building.



Positioned 120 kilometers from Kaliningrad, the sensor could detect disruptions up to 20 nautical miles offshore but not in the central Baltic, where most maritime traffic flows.



Over six months, from June to November 2024, researchers recorded 84 hours of GNSS interference, with October seeing the highest disruption-29 hours in total.



Some jamming events lasted up to seven hours, causing navigation errors of up to 35 meters (100 feet), which could pose serious risks in confined waterways.



Initially, the interference affected multiple satellite systems, including GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo.  However, from October onwards, the jamming pattern changed.



Researchers noted that the disruption patterns moved, reinforcing the theory that ships-rather than a fixed land-based station-were responsible.



Since the interference was detected at ground level but did not match airborne GPS disruption reports from ADS-B tracking systems, experts have called for dedicated ground-based monitoring networks.



Such systems, they say, could help authorities pinpoint the exact location of jamming sources, identify the vessels involved, and take enforcement action.



The study also warned that without immediate intervention, persistent GNSS interference could severely impact maritime navigation, port operations, and overall security in the Baltic region.



Researchers call for the urgent need for real-time monitoring systems to counter these threats and prevent potential maritime accidents caused by GPS failures.

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